Scope

The scope of the underlying deductive quanta numbers scheme is built from purely dynamic vacuum & perfect plasma quanta pairs up to three types of mechanical atomic nucleus quanta; the latter ones may be interpreted as atomic nuclei of three atom types of anorganic chemistry, conductor, semi-conductor, and non-conductor atoms.


Opportunities

The Unified Field Theory includes a

- 2-component dynamic "Perfect Plasma" Maxwell-Mie Theory (PMT)
- 2-component mechanical "Electromagnetics" Maxwell-Mie Theory (EMT)
- 1-component mechanical "Dirac 2.0 Atomic Nucleus" Theory (ANT)
- 1-component Dynamic Fluid Theory (DFT).

It enables

- a well-posed 3D-NSE system enabled by dynamic fluid particles by the DFT
- a Yang-Mills SU(2)-invariance for atomic particles by the ANT
- a Schrödinger 2.0 operator enabled by the Riesz operator.

The UFT solves the baseline "self-energy problem" of an electron, avoiding the spin and the iso-spin hypotheses, (UnA6) p. 100. It provides an appropriate modelling framework explaining the decay of a neutron into an electron and a proton (as part of the PMT). It also "explains" why a magneton meeting an electroton "decays" into "pure energy" (as part of EMT), (UnA6) p. 102.

Regarding ANT the term "Dirac 2.0 Atomic Nucleus" is chosen in reference to the term "Mach 2.0" principle, which is essentially the Mach principle + Dirac's two large number hypotheses, (UnA1) p. 156.

The PMT may be interpreted as an Einstein-Lorentz ether, (EiA5). It "explains" the Landau damping phenomenon. The combination with the EMT might provide an alternative "explanation" of the CMBR phenomenon.

The EMT "explains" the so-called "photopheresis" phenomenon discovered by F. Ehrenhaft, (BrJ).

The borderlines between the 2-component, purely dynamic worlds and the 1-component mechanical worlds may be characterized by appropriate „Nature constants“.

The borderline between the PMT and the ANT may be evaluated in connection with Robitaille’s „blackbody radiation and the loss of universality: implications for Planck’s formulation and Boltzman’s constant“, (RoP3).

The borderline between PMT and ANT also puts the spot on the several different "plasma matter" types and the related different plasma theories ("hot", "medium", "cold", "solid").

The Maxwell-Mie equations framework "explains", why the field possesses a granular structure, while the knots of energy remain intact in spite of the back-and-forth flux of energy and momentum, (WeH) p. 171. 

In line with the Mie theory Einstein’s theory can be derived from Hilbert’s gravitational (matter) Lagrangian accompanied by an appropriately defined „total action“ term, (PeR4) p. 490.

All known tests of the GRT can be explained with the concept of a variable speed of light, (DeH), (UnA1) p. 142. Additionally, there is a „nonlinear stability of the Minkowski space“, (ChD). Approximation theory of a nonlinear operator equation in Hilbert scales is enabled by an appropriate decomposition of the nonlinear operator N=L+R into a lineralized operator L and a remaining nonlinear operator R. In this context "nonlinear energy stability" is ensured if the nonlinear variational equation representation fulfills the Garding inequality with respect to the underlying „energy norm“ induced by the linearized term L. In this case the remaining nonlinear operator R may be interpreted as compact disturbance of the linear operator, (BrK0) p. 11, (BrK13).

Einstein's famous formula  E = m*c*c  may be interpreted as approximation formula, where the energy terms on both sides of the equation are interpreted as norms of the underlying weak variational representation in a less granular energy Hilbert space framework.

Braun K., The deductive structure of the UFT, creative vacuum and perfect plasma, and related opportunities.pdf

 

                                       May 29, 2025 update: p. 30

Braun, K., An unified field theory enabling a deductive structure of physics.pdf

                                               December 2022



Out of Scope

Out of scope are consistently defined actual entities (in the sense of Whitehead's philosophy of process and reality, (PfM) S. 82, (WhA1)) for actual organic and biological entities. Their apropriate definitions (i.e. appropriately defined bonds of the three types of mechanical atomic nucleus quanta) demand properly modelling requirements from the affected areas.

One starting point to collect such requirements for organic chemistry might be guided by the question, how "living water" occurs on Earth. The two current theories, "water by asteroids from another solar system", (the carrier of the asteroid would need very specific transport conditions during a very long time journey and the creation on the supplying planet of that water still remains a mystery) or "water built by atoms from Earth's interior" (w/o having a theory how this happended just on Earth in our solar system after millions of years after the Big Bang), do not sound very satisfactory. An understandable theory in line with the three atomic nucleus types for anorganic chemistry may be motivated and even supported by Robitaille's observation, that there are two separate mechanical energy systems within destilled water: hydroxyl (OH) and hydrogen (H), a related microwave background generated by a physical mechanism of the oceans, his investigation on blackbody radiation and the carbon particle, and his hypothesis of liquid metallic hydrogen as a solar building block, (RoP), (RoP1), (RoP2), (RoP3), (UnA4).

One starting point collecting modelling requirements for biological actual entities might be the hypothesis that cancer is a metabolic disease. This puts the spot on the concepts of "cell" (living entity) and "virus" (neither dead matter nor living entity) and the Warburg effect. 

Warburg Theory of Cancer, (Science, 24 February, 1956), (RoJ) p. 14:

1. Cancer arises from damage to cellular respiration

2. Energy through fermentation gradually compensates for insufficient respiration

3. Cancer cells continue to ferment lactate in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect)

4. Enhanced fermentation is the signature metabolic malady of all cancer cells (as the cells are fermenting not only lactic acid, but also amino acids and particularly glutamine).

What's happening with cancer cells is: they are shifting their energy away from respiration to a fermentation metabolism, using available fermentable fuels, (RoJ) p. 19.

"Much of the confusion surrounding the origin of cancer arises from the absence of an unifying theory that can integrate the diverse observations on the nature of the disease", (SeT) p. 15.

"Homeostasis is the tendency of biological systems to maintain relatively stable conditions in their internal environments. Each cell and each organ contributes to the overall homeostasis of the organism. ... Metabolic homeostasis within cells is dependent to a large extent on the energy supply to the membrane pumps. ...Most cell functions are linked either directly or indirectly to the plasma membrane potential and to the Na(+)/K(+)/Ca(2+) gradients. Ready availability of ATP to the pumps maintains these ionic gradients. Global cellular dysfunction and ultimately organ and systems failure will arise if energy flow to the pumps is distrupted.    There are several sources of ATP synthesis that can be used to maintain membrane potentials. The mitochondria produce most of the energy in the normal mammalian cells. The general structure of a mitochontrion with associated functions is shown in Figure 4.2. Other images of mitochondrial are presented in Chapter 7. In cells with functional mitochontria, ATP is derived mostly from oxidative phosporylation (OxPhos) where approximately 89% of the cellular energy is produced (about 32/36 total ATP molecules during the complete oxidation of glucose) (Fig. 4.3). This value can differ among different cells depending on which shuttle systems are used in the transport of cytoplasmic reducing equivalents (NADH (reduced form)) from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. These shuttles include the malate-aspertate shuttle, the glycerol-phosphate shuttle, and the malate-cirtrate shuttle. These shuttles are operational in tumor cells, but their activity can differ among the different types of tumor cells (12-19). Under OsPhos, ATP synthesis in normal cells is coupled to electron flow across the inner mitochondial membrane through a chemiosmotic molecular mechanism (Fig. 4.4) (29)", (SeT) p. 47/48/49.

"Besides OxPhos (oxidative phosphorylation), approximately 11% (4/36 total ATP molecules) of the total cellular energy is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation. Substrate-level phosphorylation involves the transfer of a free phosphate to ATP from a metabolic substrate to form ATP. Two major metabolic pathways can produce ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation in mammalian cells and tissues. The first involves the "pay off" part of the Embden-Myerhoff glycolytic pathway in the cytosol where phophate groups are transferred from organic molecules, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), to ADP with formation of ATP. The second pathway involes the succinyl-synthetase reaction of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) (Fig. 4.6)", (SeT) p. 51/52.

"Warburg considered oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) injury or insufficiency to be the origin of cancer. OxPhos is the final stage of cellular respiration involving multiple coupled redox reactions where the energy contained in carbon-hydrogen bonds of food molecules is captured and conserved in the terminal phosphoanhydride bond of ATP. The process specifically involves the following: (i) the flow of electrons through a chain of membrane-bound carriers, (ii) the coupling of the downhill electron flow to an uphill transport of protons across a proton-impermeable membrane, thus conserving the free energy of fuel of oxidation as a transmembrane electrochemical potential, and (iii) the synthesis of ATP from ADP+Pi throught a membrane-bound enzymatic complex linked to the transmembrane flow of the protons down their concentration gradient", (SeT) p. 73.

In (NiM) it is shown that "a number of cytosolic electrons just take the “emergency exit” from the cell by lactate secretion to maintain the cytosolic redox balance."


Possible modelling requirements for organic quanta energy systems

The "hydrogen (H)" dynamic energy quanta system is in scope of the proposed dynamic quanta scheme.

Robitaille observed that "there are two separate mechanical energy systems within destilled water, the hydroxyl (OH) and the hydrogen (H)", i.e. hydroxyl may be a first candidate of abaseline organic quanta energy system.  Destilled water is a non-conductor. This property may be the adequate modelling requirement to define the appropriate quantum numbers of a dynamic hydroxyl (OH) energy quanta system accompanied by appropriately defined implicate potential differences.

Warburg's "OxPhos accompanied by multiple coupled redox reactions where the cellular energy contained in carbone-hydrogen (CH) bonds is captured and conserved in the terminal phosphoanhydride bond of ATP". The term "carbone" of the carbone-hydrogen (CH) bonds means more than just "carbon"; it is to be understood in the sense of Schauberger, where the hydrogen is understood as the "carrier" of both carbone and oxygen from the sun to Earth, (BaA) p. 51. The characteric property of the benzene ring (mesomeric stabilization) may be the adequate modelling requirement to define the appropriate quantum numbers of a dynamic carbon-hydrogen (CH) energy quanta system accompanied by appropriately defined implicate potential differences. We also note that ribose may be interpreted as the bonds of five carbon-hydrogen (CH) and five hydroxyl (OH) energy systems.